This location is on Earth's moon. Destiny as described as taking place among the ruins of humanity's golden age of dominance over their solar system. Locations like these may be long-lost human installations or habitations.
Bungie describes Earth's moon in Destiny as "broken" and this image shows large cracks. That's what you get for storing nuclear waste on the dark side, guys. (Just kidding.)
The Citadel is described as a place where bad guys live; all bad guys need an evil lair. In the foreground, two Guardians face off against some Vex.
This image shows an example of each of the player classes so far revealed: the hooded Hunter, most likely a stealth-based class, the magic-wielding Warlock, and the gun-toting Titan.
It is not known if other player classes exist or will exist, or whether factions fall strictly along class lines or include members of all possible classes.
The Exclusion Zone is on Mars, one of many locations in the solar system you can travel to in Destiny. The green banners apparently represent the large, rhinoceros-like Cabal enemies.
A spaceship, possibly human in origin, hangs below the rings of Saturn.
Destiny apparently takes place within humanity's home solar system. The lack of more distant locations would seem to indicate that humanity lacks faster than light travel in this universe at this point in time, definitely dividing it from the Halo universe, where humanity achieved FTL travel earlier.
This image of human ruins apparently is located somewhere in the former Soviet Union. A small sign over the door reads in Cyrillic, "Inna Tour", presumably a travel agency.
A Hunter, in the left foreground, attempts to avoid the notice of a patrol of Fallen (foreground) and Cabal (background).
I've added an image album of screen captures from the Pathways Out Of Darkness ViDoc. Comments to come soon.
"We didn't even know how big Halo was going to get.
How can anything be bigger than Halo?
We'll find out."
-- C. J. Cowan
This sunset behind the City really shows off the new engine's lighting effects.
This in-engine shot, apparently of a crashed or disabled human craft, would not look at all out of place in Halo; the design looks very much in the same vein as the Forward Unto Dawn.
This looks like an in-game shot, but it's hard to identify some of the objects in the distance. The blue glowing might be engine exhaust from a crashed ship, or perhaps a structure on fire.