The religious and political leaders of the Covenant, Prophets are an elite class of bureaucrats. The theology that they apply to the Covenant species is based on the belief that firing the Halo array will herald, and indeed instigate a "Great Journey" which they appear to believe will result in some kind of sublimation event.
NOTE: The only Prophets that played significant parts in Halo 2 were the three hierarchs. Regret was killed by the Chief, but later reanimated as part of Gravemind. Mercy was infected by the Flood on High Charity and presumed dead or absorbed. Truth escaped, and he is mentioned by name. That Prophets are included in this section may mean that other Prophets, besides Truth, may somehow figure into Halo 3's plot or gameplay.